SEILA LAW LLC, Petitioner v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 591 U.S. 197

Summary

HOLDINGS: [1]-Jurisdiction existed to review a challenge to the constitutionality of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's (CFPB's) structure where a law firm was compelled to comply with the civil investigative demand and to provide documents it wanted to withhold, a contested removal was not the only way to review a removal restriction, and the government was seeking to enforce the demand even though it agreed that the agency was unconstitutionally structured; [2]-The CFPB's leadership by a Director removable only for inefficiency, neglect, or malfeasance violated separation of powers as neither exception to the President's unrestricted removal power applied. Extension of an exception to an independent agency led by a single director and vested with significant executive power was improper as the agency had no basis in history and no place in the federal constitutional structure.