Joint Filing Agreement
(Beneficial Ownership Under Section 13)

This Joint Filing Agreement template is intended for use by reporting persons who are considered a "group" and are required to file beneficial ownership reports under Regulation 13D-G of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. This template includes practical guidance. Although reporting persons that are members of a group may file individual beneficial ownership statements, it is more practical to jointly file a single beneficial ownership statement. Rule 13d-1(k) of Regulation 13D-G sets forth the standards for jointly filing a single beneficial ownership statement. This agreement should be filed as an exhibit to Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G. For information on Section 13 reporting obligations, see Beneficial Ownership under Section 13 of the Exchange Act. For Schedule 13G template and instructions, see Schedule 13G. For Schedule 13D template and instructions, see Schedule 13D.